		*********************************************
		**** Omer Yair & Raanan Sulitziano-Kenan ****
		***** Biased Judgment of Political Bias *****
		************* Replication files *************
		*********************************************

* Changing the working directory
cd "C:\Users\bronc\Desktop"

* Load data (.dta)
use "pol_bias_dataset.dta", clear


		************************
		** Main text analyses **
		************************

		
*************
** Table 1 **
*************
** Model 1: w. department, university, and version dummies; w/o IMC item
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_1.doc, replace se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 2: w. department, university, and version dummies; with IMC item
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_1.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 3: Same as Model 2, with an interaction b/w 'spig_neut' and Political Interest.
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
spig_int if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_1.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 4: Same as Model 2, with an interaction b/w 'spig_neut' and 'right_gap'.
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
right_gap spig_right_gap if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_1.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)




		******************************
		** Online appendix analyses **
		******************************


***********************
** Online Resource 1 **
***********************

outreg2 using Online_Resource1.doc if IMC_dummy==1, replace sum(log) ///
keep (PPB Teach_Nuet_Opst Q9 Q11 Q12 Q14 Q16 Q17 ///
spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal) ///
title (Table 1A. Descriptive statistics)

	

***********************
** Online Resource 2 **
***********************

*** randomization checks across the different questionnaire versions *** 
** Gender
tab gender version if IMC_dummy==1, chi2 col

** Arab Students
tab arab version if IMC_dummy==1, chi2 col

** Non-Hebrew speaking Students
tab non_hebrew_speaker version if IMC_dummy==1, chi2 col

** Age
oneway age version if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Socio-economic Status
oneway ses version if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Religiosity
oneway relig version if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Ideological Position
oneway ideology version if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Trust
oneway trust version if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Political Interest
oneway pol_interest version if IMC_dummy==1, t


*** randomization checks across the Fear Prime dummy ('second_order_treat') ***
** Gender
tab gender second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, chi2 col

** Arab Students
tab arab second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, chi2 col

** Non-Hebrew speaking Students
tab non_hebrew_speaker second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, chi2 col

** Age
oneway age second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Socio-economic Status
oneway ses second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Religiosity
oneway relig second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Ideological Position
oneway ideology second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Trust
oneway trust second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, t

** Political Interest
oneway pol_interest second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, t



*** Table 2A: Randomization checks for the Fear_Prime Dummy ('second_order_treat')
** Model 1: Full Sample
logit second_order_treat age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology arab non_hebrew_speaker
outreg2 using Table_2A.doc, replace se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Log-likelihood, `e(ll)', Model p-value, `e(p)')


** Model 2: 'IMC approved' Sample
logit second_order_treat age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology arab ///
non_hebrew_speaker if IMC_dummy==1
outreg2 using Table_2A.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Log-likelihood, `e(ll)', Model p-value, `e(p)')




***********************
** Online Resource 3 **
***********************

*** Instrumental Variable (IV) Estimation 

** ANOVA for PPB, by the different questionnaire versions (Q_Version):
oneway PPB version if IMC_dummy==1, t sch 

** ANOVA for PPB, by the 'Fear Prime' dummy (second_order_treat)
oneway PPB second_order_treat if IMC_dummy==1, t sch


** Perlimenary check (not included in Table 3A):
ivregress 2sls spig_neut (PPB = second_order_treat) if IMC_dummy==1, vce(cluster cohort) first
estat firststage

**************
** Table 3A **
**************
*** Table 3A: Models 1 (1st-stage  and Model 2 (2nd stage: IV) of the IV Estimation 
ivregress 2sls spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university ///
(PPB = second_order_treat) if IMC_dummy==1, vce(cluster cohort) first
estat firststage



***********************
** Online Resource 4 **
***********************

**************
** Table 4A **
**************
** Model 1: With Self-Reported Grade Average
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number refusal grades i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4A.doc, replace se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 2: With Self-Reported Class Participation
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal class_part i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4A.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 3: With Dummay variables for Second-Year and Third-Year Students
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal i.study_year i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1 & study_year<4, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4A.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 4: With Dummay variables for Non-Jewish Students
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal non_jewish i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4A.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 5: With Dummay variables for Non-Hebrew Speaking Students
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal non_hebrew_speaker i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4A.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 6: With Student' Ideological Strength
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal ideo_str i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4A.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 7: With Number of Students in Class
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal number_of_students i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4A.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)



**************
** Table 4B **
**************
** Model 1: With PIG with no unidentified ('neutral') professors
reg PPB pig_corrected_no_unident age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4B.doc, replace se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop(i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 2: With Dummies for each cohort
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number i.cohort i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4B.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) drop (i.cohort i.version)  
** Stata does not allow to report the F-test of the model using the 'outreg2' command ///
** using this model specification. Accordingly, we reported the F-test of a similar ///
** model but with robust standard errors instead of a clustered-robust standard errors.

** Model 3: With Altered Dependent Variable (without Q9 & Q11)
reg PPB_altered spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4B.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 4: With only students from the 'refusal' Group
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1 & refusal==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4B.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) drop (i.department i.university i.version)
** Stata does not allow to report the F-test of the model using the 'outreg2' command ///
** using this model specification. Accordingly, we reported the F-test of a similar ///
** model but with robust standard errors instead of a clustered-robust standard errors.

** Model 5: Excluding Students from the 'refusal' Group
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 ///
teachers_number i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1 & refusal==0, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4B.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)



**************
** Table 4C **
**************
** Model 1: With Mean Professors' Perceived Ideological Position variable
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal teachers_ideo i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4C.doc, replace se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 2: With Perceived Professors' Extremity dummy variable
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal extrm_teach i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4C.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 3: With Only "Extreme Professors"
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal i.department i.university i.version if IMC_dummy==1 & extrm_teach==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4C.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 4: With Perceived Professors' Extremity dummy variable - in the Left-Gap Group
reg PPB spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology diversity8 teachers_number ///
refusal extrm_teach i.department i.university i.version right_gap spig_right_gap ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4C.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
adjr2 symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(F test model, `e(F)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)



**************
** Table 4D **
**************
** Model 1: Determinants of the first item of the PPB scale
ologit Teach_Nuet_Opst spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4D.doc, replace se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Model's Chi-square, `e(chi2))', Pseudo R-squared, `e(r2_p)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 2: Determinants of the second item of the PPB scale
ologit Q9 spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4D.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Model's Chi-square, `e(chi2))', Pseudo R-squared, `e(r2_p)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 3: Determinants of the third item of the PPB scale
ologit Q11 spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4D.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Model's Chi-square, `e(chi2))', Pseudo R-squared, `e(r2_p)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 4: Determinants of the fourth item of the PPB scale
ologit Q12 spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4D.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Model's Chi-square, `e(chi2))', Pseudo R-squared, `e(r2_p)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 5: Determinants of the fifth item of the PPB scale
ologit Q14 spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4D.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Model's Chi-square, `e(chi2))', Pseudo R-squared, `e(r2_p)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 6: Determinants of the sixth item of the PPB scale
ologit Q16 spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4D.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Model's Chi-square, `e(chi2))', Pseudo R-squared, `e(r2_p)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

** Model 7: Determinants of the sevenh item of the PPB scale
ologit Q17 spig_neut age gender ses relig trust pol_interest ideology ///
diversity8 teachers_number refusal i.department i.university i.version ///
if IMC_dummy==1, cluster (cohort)
outreg2 using Table_4D.doc, append se dec(3) alpha (.001, .01, .05, .1) ///
symbol (***, **, *, +) addstat(Model's Chi-square, `e(chi2))', Pseudo R-squared, `e(r2_p)') ///
drop (i.department i.university i.version)

